Abstract
Tamarindus indica L is tropical tree found throughout India, belongs to family Caesalpiniaceae. Tamarind fruit has been used to prepare many food products. Tender tamarind leaves are also edible and used for souring curries, sauces, and certain beverages in many parts of India. T. indica leaves are rich in nutrients and phytochemicals, which contribute towards their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties highlight their potential as functional foods and nutraceuticals. However, limited detailed investigations have been conducted to establish comprehensive quality control parameters for leaves of T. indica aimed at identification and detecting adulteration employing a combination of classical and modern chromatographic techniques. Therefore, the aim of present research is to develop standardization parameters. Pharmacognostic analysis of the leaves was accomplished by microscopy study, and physicochemical analysis. Macerated ethanol extract was employed for phytochemical screening. Chromatographic profiling was carried out through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chemo profiling and high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting. An optimized mobile phase system was developed based on preliminary thin layer chromatography (TLC) trials, subsequently employed to generate an HPTLC fingerprint using a chloroform:ethyl acetate (3:7) solvent system. Key diagnostic microscopic features observed included anomocytic stomata, a three-layered palisade parenchyma, and pericyclic fibers. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of proteins, amino acids, alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and saponin glycosides. HPTLC fingerprinting detected 17 and 15 peaks at 254 nm and at 366 nm, respectively. GCMS chemo-profiling revealed the presence of a total of three phytochemicals, Present research will be useful as standardization parameter in order to identify, and to detect adulteration in T. indica leaf powder, extracts and its formulation.
doi: 10.17756/jfcn.2025-s2-003
Citation: Savalia V, Briza R, Ruhin D, Savita Y, Yogesh P, et al. 2025. Phytochemical Characterization and Standardization of Tamarindus indica L. Leaves Using Advanced Analytical Techniques. J Food Chem Nanotechnol 11(S2): S24-S31.
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