Abstract

Snakehead fish (Channa striata) is commonly used as a raw material in traditional foods in South Sumatra. However, some parts of this fish, such as the bones, are not used during food processing. This study aimed to determine the physicochemical characteristics of nanocalcium derived from snakehead fish bones using different solvents. The solvents used were distilled water (dH_₂O), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and natrium hydroxide (NaOH). The results showed that the smallest particle size distribution was produced by the HCl solvent (264.5 ± 29.5 nm). Different solvents significantly affected the whiteness, with the highest value of 86.79 ± 0.45% obtained from the NaOH solvent. In terms of chemical properties, the different solvents also significantly affected the moisture content (0.65 – 1.31%) and ash content (91.15 – 98.26%). The calcium (Ca) content ranged from 20.26 ± 0.95% – 21.38 ± 1.17% and the phosphorus (P) content ranged from 0.02 ± 0.01% – 0.13 ± 0.01%. The functional groups present in the snakehead fish bones included phosphate group (PO₄^3⁻), hydrogen phosphate group (HPO₄^²⁻), hydroxyl group (OH^⁻), and carbonate group (CO₃^²⁻). In this study, hydroxyapatite (HAp) was formed with A-type and B-type carbonate apatite. The different solvents used in the nanocalcium process significantly affect the yield, moisture content, ash content, and P content.

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