Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding single-strand RNA molecules (22 nt in length) that play an important role in inhibition of translation or degradation of targeted messenger RNAs (mRNAs) by binding 3’-untranslated region (UTR) of target mRNAs. MiRNAs are involved in diverse physiological and pathological processes, including apoptosis, cell proliferation, the cell cycle, carcinogenesis and skeletal muscle function. On this basis, miRNAs can be used to combat disease and maintain health. MiRNAs may also facilitate development of enhanced food or feed. We assessed three factors required for use of miRNAs in food: stability, safety, and efficacy. This review highlights emerging evidence in the use of miRNAs as ingredients in food or animal feed. We also discuss the challenges to, and perspectives for, the application of miRNAs.

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