Abstract

This review explores the pervasive presence of micro and nano plastics (MNPs) in the food chain, elucidating their diverse sources, distribution, and potential health impacts. MNPs, originating from macro plastic fragmentation, shedding of microfibers (MFs), and industrial activities, enter the food chain through soil and water contamination, affecting aquatic organisms and human health via food consumption. The article emphasizes MNPs’ intricate interactions within the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract, outlining their absorption dynamics and highlighting potential health implications, particularly for vulnerable populations. Additionally, the release of chemicals from plastics during digestion raises concerns about endocrine disruption. Analytical techniques, including fourier- transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and chromatographic methods, are discussed as crucial tools for addressing MNPs’ impact on food safety. The review concludes by emphasizing the urgent need for comprehensive strategies to mitigate MNPs’ environmental and health consequences, underscored by potential economic implications and the imperative for robust analytical frameworks.

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